{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
 "@id": "https://seanrintel.com/publications/office-social-presentation-interactivity-for-nearby-devices.html#paper",
 "aboutThisFile": {
  "whatThisIs": "A research brief: a structured summary of one paper, prepared for seanrintel.com from the paper's full text.",
  "howItWasMade": "This brief was prepared with AI assistance and published by Sean Rintel. It is not the authors' published text.",
  "whatIsVerbatim": "Only 'quote' fields, figure captions and 'abstract' are the authors' own words. Research questions follow the paper's wording where it states them. Takeaway, summaries, answers, definitions and method are the site's plain-language paraphrase.",
  "howItIsChecked": "Before publication every quote is matched against the paper and every number in the brief is found in it. 'verified' is the date of the last check.",
  "howToUse": [
   "For a quick answer, use 'takeaway' and 'questions'. For evidence, use 'findings' (each has a verbatim quote, its location in the paper and a 'url' anchored to that finding on the paper's page).",
   "Locations such as '§5.2, p. 9' refer to the version at 'pageNumbersReferTo'.",
   "For anything not covered here, read the paper itself: 'fullTextSources' lists free versions first.",
   "If 'researchOverview' is present, the paper is part of one of Sean Rintel's research overviews: it gives the overview's thesis, the claims this paper is evidence for and its role in each, and the other papers in the overview.",
   "To find other papers by Sean Rintel, use the catalogue at https://seanrintel.com/publications/index.json."
  ],
  "authorship": "Sean Rintel's role on each paper: lead author when he is first author, sole author when he is the only author, and otherwise senior author. Senior author here means the senior researcher on the team, whatever his position in the author list.",
  "howToCite": "Cite the paper, not this file: use 'citation' or the ready-made 'bibtex' (DOI where given) and name every author. Attribute paraphrase to the paper's findings, and use quotation marks only for 'quote' text."
 },
 "name": "Office Social: Presentation Interactivity for Nearby Devices",
 "author": [
  {
   "@type": "Person",
   "name": "Debaleena Chattopadhyay"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Person",
   "name": "Kenton O'Hara"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Person",
   "@id": "https://seanrintel.com/#sean-rintel",
   "name": "Sean Rintel",
   "url": "https://seanrintel.com/",
   "sameAs": [
    "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0840-0546",
    "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xc25GRgAAAAJ",
    "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102369654",
    "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/people/serintel/",
    "https://www.linkedin.com/in/seanrintel"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "Person",
   "name": "Roman Radle"
  }
 ],
 "datePublished": "2016-05",
 "doi": "10.1145/2858036.2858337",
 "url": "https://seanrintel.com/publications/office-social-presentation-interactivity-for-nearby-devices.html",
 "citation": "Debaleena Chattopadhyay, Kenton O'Hara, Sean Rintel, and Roman Radle. 2016. Office Social: Presentation Interactivity for Nearby Devices. CHI 2016. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858337",
 "bibtex": "@inproceedings{chattopadhyay2016office,\nauthor = {Chattopadhyay, Debaleena and O'Hara, Kenton and Rintel, Sean and Radle, Roman},\ntitle = {Office Social: Presentation Interactivity for Nearby Devices},\norganization = {ACM},\nbooktitle = {CHI 2016},\nyear = {2016},\nmonth = {May},\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858337},\ndoi = {10.1145/2858036.2858337},\n}",
 "abstract": "Slide presentations have long been stuck in a one-to-many paradigm, limiting audience engagement. Based on the concept of smartphone-based remote control of slide navigation, we presentOffice Social—a PowerPoint plugin and companion smartphone app that allows audience members qualified access to slides for personal review and, when the presenter enables it, public control over slide navigation. We studied the longitudinal use of Office Social across four meetings of a workgroup. We found that shared access and regulated control facilitated various forms of public and personal audience engagement. We discuss how enabling ad-hoc aggregation of co-proximate devices reduces ‘interaction costs’ and leads to both opportunities and challenges for presentation situations.",
 "fullTextSources": [
  {
   "kind": "freeAccess",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858337",
   "label": "DOI (Free Access)"
  },
  {
   "kind": "freeAccess",
   "url": "https://seanrintel.com/publications/office-social-presentation-interactivity-for-nearby-devices.pdf",
   "label": "Author's Copy"
  }
 ],
 "fullTextAvailable": true,
 "takeaway": "Cutting the 'interaction cost' of taking the floor can let presentation attendees shift fluidly between listening and contributing, such as reviewing slides on their phones before taking over the screen.",
 "whyItMatters": {
  "stateOfTheArt": {
   "summary": "Presentation software gives one presenter exclusive control. Handing control to an attendee is awkward and socially conspicuous, and earlier multi-user systems needed dedicated infrastructure or fixed roles.",
   "quote": "current presentation applications are designed for a single presenter to have exclusive control over slide review, navigation, and interactivity",
   "location": "§INTRODUCTION, p. 1"
  },
  "contribution": {
   "summary": "A way for presenter and attendee roles to interchange fluidly using the phones people already carry, without dedicated infrastructure or fixed roles, studied in a real workgroup's meetings rather than in a lab.",
   "quote": "We propose a system that reduces the interaction cost to switch fluidly between presenterattendee statuses, without entirely abolishing either of them.",
   "location": "§RELATED WORK, p. 2"
  },
  "whoCares": {
   "summary": "Researchers and designers of presentation tools and social devices, and groups that hold small-to-medium informal presentations where presenter and attendee roles overlap."
  }
 },
 "researchQuestions": [
  "What practices and shifting dynamics of collaborative participation emerge when a workgroup can form an ad-hoc aggregation of its members' own devices to review and control presentation slides?"
 ],
 "concepts": [
  {
   "term": "Interaction cost",
   "definition": "The authors' framing for why taking over the floor in a presentation is hard:",
   "quote": "Interaction cost is the cost associated with bringing about the outcome of a particular interaction",
   "location": "§INTRODUCTION, p. 1"
  },
  {
   "term": "Review and interaction modes",
   "definition": "Attendees can privately browse a local copy of the slides or, once the presenter enables it, take over the big screen. By default",
   "quote": "attendees remain in review mode and switch to the interaction mode only when explicitly choosing to control shared content",
   "location": "§OFFICE SOCIAL, p. 2"
  },
  {
   "term": "Ad-hoc aggregation of co-proximate devices",
   "definition": "The presenter's PC and the smartphones of presenters and attendees in the room, joined together for the presentation without dedicated infrastructure.",
   "quote": "Office Social leverages the personal devices of both presenters and attendees into ad-hoc co-proximate relationships",
   "location": "§CONCLUSION, p. 4"
  }
 ],
 "method": {
  "design": "Field deployment of a working prototype (see Prototype), observed over a series of real meetings. Use cases were allowed to evolve naturally.",
  "prototype": "Office Social, a PowerPoint add-in on the presenter's PC plus a Windows Phone app, extending an earlier single-presenter remote-control app (Office Remote). People join by connecting their phone to the presenter's PC over any wireless network, using its address posted in the room (for example as a QR code). Anyone joining as a presenter controls the slides from their phone, with notes, a preview of the next slide and a pointer, and decides whether attendees may only review or may also interact. In review mode, attendees browse their own copy of the slides and bookmark them without affecting the shared screen. Once the presenter allows it, they can switch to interaction mode and navigate and point on the shared display, but not see presenter notes. There was no comparison condition.",
  "prototypeFigure": 1,
  "setting": "Weekly project review meetings of a large research group (~20 members) in a corporate laboratory. Each meeting was about one hour with one or two presentations.",
  "sample": "The system was installed on nine group members' smartphones. Four meetings with an average of 17 participants per meeting.",
  "duration": "Four weeks.",
  "analysis": "Qualitative: observation and video recordings of meetings, app usage logs, one focus group, and interviews with four participants (video-stimulated recall for two heavy users)."
 },
 "findings": [
  {
   "headline": "Rehearse privately, then take over.",
   "summary": "In a research group's weekly meetings, people about to co-present used private slide review on their phones to rehearse before taking over, and attendees lined up the slide they wanted before asking a question.",
   "quote": "checking that my resources are marshalled to ask my question.",
   "location": "§FINDINGS, p. 3",
   "url": "https://seanrintel.com/publications/office-social-presentation-interactivity-for-nearby-devices.html#at-sfindings-p-3",
   "cite": "Debaleena Chattopadhyay, Kenton O'Hara, Sean Rintel, and Roman Radle. 2016. Office Social: Presentation Interactivity for Nearby Devices. CHI 2016. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858337 (§FINDINGS, p. 3)"
  },
  {
   "headline": "Presenters free to move.",
   "summary": "Because slides could be controlled from any phone, presenting was no longer tied to the front of the room. In one instance, two co-presenters took control from their seats and walked to the front while presenting.",
   "quote": "Each of the two incoming co-presenters then switched to interaction mode and began controlling slides as they walked from their seat to the front of the audience.",
   "location": "§FINDINGS, p. 3",
   "url": "https://seanrintel.com/publications/office-social-presentation-interactivity-for-nearby-devices.html#at-sfindings-p-3-2",
   "cite": "Debaleena Chattopadhyay, Kenton O'Hara, Sean Rintel, and Roman Radle. 2016. Office Social: Presentation Interactivity for Nearby Devices. CHI 2016. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858337 (§FINDINGS, p. 3)"
  },
  {
   "headline": "Brief huddles around phones.",
   "summary": "In two instances, slides on a phone drew people into small side-by-side or L-shaped huddles to discuss the content, a kind of grouping rarely seen in presentations.",
   "quote": "the formations, afforded by the micro-mobility of smartphones [9], were ad-hoc and short-lived",
   "location": "§FINDINGS, p. 3",
   "url": "https://seanrintel.com/publications/office-social-presentation-interactivity-for-nearby-devices.html#at-sfindings-p-3-3",
   "cite": "Debaleena Chattopadhyay, Kenton O'Hara, Sean Rintel, and Roman Radle. 2016. Office Social: Presentation Interactivity for Nearby Devices. CHI 2016. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858337 (§FINDINGS, p. 3)"
  },
  {
   "headline": "Catching up and looking ahead.",
   "summary": "Attendees browsed slides privately to see what they had missed after arriving late, or to gauge how long a presentation would be and where it was going.",
   "quote": "I knew I was late but realized I could catch up with the slides.",
   "location": "§FINDINGS, p. 4",
   "url": "https://seanrintel.com/publications/office-social-presentation-interactivity-for-nearby-devices.html#at-sfindings-p-4",
   "cite": "Debaleena Chattopadhyay, Kenton O'Hara, Sean Rintel, and Roman Radle. 2016. Office Social: Presentation Interactivity for Nearby Devices. CHI 2016. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858337 (§FINDINGS, p. 4)"
  },
  {
   "headline": "Keeping everyone on the same page.",
   "summary": "When a discussion between the presenter and one attendee drifted away from the slide on screen, another attendee brought up the relevant slide so the whole group could follow.",
   "quote": "thus taking responsibility for discussion coherence even if not actively engaged in the discussion",
   "location": "§FINDINGS, p. 4",
   "url": "https://seanrintel.com/publications/office-social-presentation-interactivity-for-nearby-devices.html#at-sfindings-p-4-2",
   "cite": "Debaleena Chattopadhyay, Kenton O'Hara, Sean Rintel, and Roman Radle. 2016. Office Social: Presentation Interactivity for Nearby Devices. CHI 2016. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858337 (§FINDINGS, p. 4)"
  },
  {
   "headline": "Presenters shared control differently.",
   "summary": "Presenters varied widely in when, and whether, they opened control of the shared screen to attendees.",
   "quote": "Three presenters waited until the end of their presentation, one launched it at the beginning, while one switched multiple times",
   "location": "§FINDINGS, p. 3",
   "url": "https://seanrintel.com/publications/office-social-presentation-interactivity-for-nearby-devices.html#at-sfindings-p-3-4",
   "cite": "Debaleena Chattopadhyay, Kenton O'Hara, Sean Rintel, and Roman Radle. 2016. Office Social: Presentation Interactivity for Nearby Devices. CHI 2016. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858337 (§FINDINGS, p. 3)"
  }
 ],
 "questions": [
  {
   "question": "What happens when audience members can control presentation slides from their phones?",
   "answer": "Taking part becomes easier and more fluid. Over four weeks of a research group's weekly project meetings, people prepared privately on their phones and stepped in when ready. Co-presenters took over without a handover at the front, and attendees outside a discussion kept the group on the right slide.",
   "source": "Debaleena Chattopadhyay, Kenton O'Hara, Sean Rintel, and Roman Radle. 2016. Office Social: Presentation Interactivity for Nearby Devices. CHI 2016. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858337",
   "basedOn": [
    {
     "location": "§FINDINGS, p. 3",
     "url": "https://seanrintel.com/publications/office-social-presentation-interactivity-for-nearby-devices.html#at-sfindings-p-3"
    },
    {
     "location": "§FINDINGS, p. 3",
     "url": "https://seanrintel.com/publications/office-social-presentation-interactivity-for-nearby-devices.html#at-sfindings-p-3-2"
    },
    {
     "location": "§FINDINGS, p. 4",
     "url": "https://seanrintel.com/publications/office-social-presentation-interactivity-for-nearby-devices.html#at-sfindings-p-4-2"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "question": "Is it useful to let attendees browse slides on their own phone during a talk?",
   "answer": "It can be. Private access let latecomers catch up on missed slides and let people preview where a talk was heading. On two occasions in a research group's meetings, small groups huddled briefly around a phone to discuss content, a grouping rarely seen in presentations.",
   "source": "Debaleena Chattopadhyay, Kenton O'Hara, Sean Rintel, and Roman Radle. 2016. Office Social: Presentation Interactivity for Nearby Devices. CHI 2016. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858337",
   "basedOn": [
    {
     "location": "§FINDINGS, p. 3",
     "url": "https://seanrintel.com/publications/office-social-presentation-interactivity-for-nearby-devices.html#at-sfindings-p-3-3"
    },
    {
     "location": "§FINDINGS, p. 4",
     "url": "https://seanrintel.com/publications/office-social-presentation-interactivity-for-nearby-devices.html#at-sfindings-p-4"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "question": "Do presenters want to share control of their slides with the audience?",
   "answer": "It varied. In four meetings of one research group, three presenters opened control only at the end, one at the start, and one switched several times to hand over to co-presenters. This probably reflects different presentation styles and content.",
   "source": "Debaleena Chattopadhyay, Kenton O'Hara, Sean Rintel, and Roman Radle. 2016. Office Social: Presentation Interactivity for Nearby Devices. CHI 2016. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858337",
   "basedOn": [
    {
     "location": "§FINDINGS, p. 3",
     "url": "https://seanrintel.com/publications/office-social-presentation-interactivity-for-nearby-devices.html#at-sfindings-p-3-4"
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "cites": [],
 "quantitative": [],
 "implications": [
  {
   "summary": "Giving attendees control may be harder in larger groups, where social mediation is harder to enact. Practices at different scales need study.",
   "quote": "in particular to larger groups where our preferred mechanisms of social mediation become more difficult to enact",
   "location": "§IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH, p. 4"
  },
  {
   "summary": "Democratised control may create new tensions. Accidental or off-narrative slide changes could weaken slide changes as a way to focus attention, and presenters might respond with defensive designs or new norms.",
   "quote": "democratizing control in presentations may spawn new tensions in engagement",
   "location": "§IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH, p. 4"
  },
  {
   "summary": "Engagement features could extend beyond bookmarking, for example sending presenters feedback to improve later deliveries.",
   "quote": "Bookmarking itself could be extended to send presenters feedback about the presentation content",
   "location": "§IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH, p. 4"
  }
 ],
 "limitations": [
  {
   "summary": "A small-scale study of one workgroup. Other presentation scenarios are needed to validate the insights.",
   "quote": "Given the small scale of our study, future work on different presentation scenarios will be essential to validate, elaborate, and qualify these initial insights.",
   "location": "§CONCLUSION, p. 4"
  }
 ],
 "figures": [
  {
   "src": "https://seanrintel.com/publications/figures/office-social-presentation-interactivity-for-nearby-devices/fig-1.webp",
   "caption": "Figure 1. Office Social interface: when a presenter is in presentation (a) or interaction mode (b), attendees remain in review mode (c, d); while the presenter is in interaction mode, attendees can switch between review (d) and interaction (e).",
   "alt": "Two smartphone screens showing a slide with large navigation arrows, labelled presentation mode and interaction mode, and below them the attendee app's mode bars for review mode and interaction mode.",
   "location": "Fig. 1, p. 2",
   "credit": "Figure 1 from Debaleena Chattopadhyay, Kenton O'Hara, Sean Rintel, and Roman Radle. 2016. Office Social: Presentation Interactivity for Nearby Devices. CHI 2016. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858337"
  }
 ],
 "pageNumbersReferTo": "https://seanrintel.com/publications/office-social-presentation-interactivity-for-nearby-devices.pdf",
 "verified": "2026-10-25",
 "studyFigure": {
  "about": "The opening figure on this paper's page, made for the site with AI assistance from this verified brief. It is not the paper's own figure. Evidence entries index this file's quantitative, findings and limitations arrays.",
  "study": {
   "kind": "single",
   "summary": "Four week field deployment in the weekly project review meetings of a corporate research group of about 20 people. The prototype, a PowerPoint add-in with a phone app, ran on nine members' phones across four meetings, which averaged 17 attendees.",
   "steps": [
    {
     "label": "One research group",
     "detail": "A research group in a corporate laboratory, meeting weekly for about an hour with one or two presentations."
    },
    {
     "label": "Four meetings",
     "detail": "Nine members had the prototype on their phones, and use cases were left to evolve naturally."
    },
    {
     "label": "Observation and logs",
     "detail": "Meetings were observed and video recorded, and the app logged how it was used."
    },
    {
     "label": "Focus group and interviews",
     "detail": "One focus group, and interviews with four participants. Two heavy users watched video of their own use to recall it."
    }
   ]
  },
  "tool": {
   "heading": "The system",
   "steps": [
    {
     "title": "Connect a phone",
     "text": "People connect their phone to the presenter's PC over wireless, using an address posted in the room, for example as a QR code."
    },
    {
     "title": "Present from a phone",
     "text": "A presenter controls the slides from a phone, with notes, a preview of the next slide and a pointer."
    },
    {
     "title": "Review privately",
     "text": "Attendees browse and bookmark their own copy of the slides without changing the shared screen.",
     "part": true
    },
    {
     "title": "Open the floor",
     "text": "The presenter decides whether attendees may only review or may also interact.",
     "part": true
    },
    {
     "title": "Take the screen",
     "text": "Once allowed, attendees navigate and point on the shared display from their phones, without seeing presenter notes.",
     "part": true
    }
   ],
   "note": "Office Social combined a presentation add-in on the presenter's PC with a phone app. There was no comparison condition."
  },
  "findings": {
   "legend": null,
   "stages": [
    {
     "title": "Preparing to take part",
     "sub": "private slide review on phones",
     "items": [
      {
       "dir": "none",
       "text": "In this group, people about to co-present rehearsed on phones before taking over.",
       "detail": "Attendees also lined up the slide they wanted before asking a question.",
       "evidence": [
        "findings[0]"
       ]
      },
      {
       "dir": "none",
       "text": "Attendees browsed slides privately to catch up after arriving late.",
       "detail": "Other attendees browsed ahead to gauge how long a presentation would be and where it was going.",
       "evidence": [
        "findings[3]"
       ]
      }
     ]
    },
    {
     "title": "Sharing the screen",
     "sub": "moments observed in four meetings",
     "items": [
      {
       "dir": "none",
       "text": "In one instance, two co-presenters took control from their seats and walked to the front.",
       "detail": "Because any phone could control the slides, presenting was no longer tied to the front of the room.",
       "evidence": [
        "findings[1]"
       ]
      },
      {
       "dir": "none",
       "text": "In two instances, slides on a phone drew people into brief huddles.",
       "detail": "People formed small side by side or L-shaped groups to discuss the content, a kind of grouping rarely seen in presentations.",
       "evidence": [
        "findings[2]"
       ]
      },
      {
       "dir": "none",
       "text": "One attendee brought up the relevant slide when a discussion drifted from the screen.",
       "detail": "The discussion was between the presenter and another attendee. Bringing up the slide let the whole group follow.",
       "evidence": [
        "findings[4]"
       ]
      },
      {
       "dir": "none",
       "text": "Presenters varied widely in when, and whether, they opened the screen to attendees.",
       "detail": "Three presenters waited until the end, one opened it at the beginning, and one switched several times.",
       "evidence": [
        "findings[5]"
       ]
      }
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  "keyTerm": "interaction cost",
  "takeaway": "Lowering the interaction cost of taking the floor can let attendees move fluidly between listening and contributing. Private slide access on personal phones can help people prepare before presenting."
 }
}